Posted by TheBlackList on January 1, 2009 at 6:10pm
The Black Power Pan-Africanist Perspective
The Black race will be exterminated
if it does not build a black superpower in Africa
by the end of this century.
Marcus Garvey and the Black Power movement: Legacies and lessons for contemporary Black Africa (1)Introduction
To avoid wasting anyone’s time, let me make clear who I am not talking to, who I do not want to hear from, for as Confucius said: "There is no point people taking counsel together who follow different ways." (Analects XV: 40)
My audience consists only of those Black Africans who want the Black African people to survive. If you are a black African, but don’t much care if the Black African people survive or not, I have nothing to say to or discuss with you. So, don’t read on. Just go away.
But if you want the Black African people to survive, with dignity and in security and prosperity, just like the white or yellow peoples of this earth, then welcome! We have vital matters to discuss.
Since white Europeans began raiding Africa in the 15th century for black captives to enslave; since white Arabs invaded Egypt in 640 AD; and indeed ever since white Persians conquered Black Egypt in 525 BC, the cardinal question for Black Africans has been: 2
How can Black Africans organize to survive in the world, and with security and respect?
That question has remained unaddressed for 25 centuries. We must today face and answer it correctly for the conditions of this 21st century, or we perish.
Pan-Africanism is an ideology made up of the most important ideas that have brought the Black race thus far in our quest for liberation from imperialism and racism, and for the amelioration of our condition in the world; it continues to be the vehicle for Black African hopes and aspirations for autonomy, respect, power and dignity. This ideology is embedded in the thinking of our intellectual progenitors, from Boukman of Haiti to Biko of South Africa. These thinkers include giants like Dessalines, Blyden, Sylvester Williams, Casely-Hayford, DuBois, Garvey, Padmore, Nkrumah, C.L.R. James, Azikiwe, Malcolm X, Aime Cesaire, Cheikh Anta Diop, Cabral, and Nyerere.
There were three main strands of Pan-Africanism in the 20th century: that of DuBois, that of Garvey and that of Nkrumah. These strands each aimed to accomplish Black Africa’s emancipation from white domination, but they differed in what they defined as the constituency to be emancipated and in the project through which that emancipation would be pursued. In other words, they differed in their answers to the two key questions: emancipation for whom? And by what means?
For DuBois [1868-1963], the constituency was the Negroes (black peoples) of Africa and the Negro Diaspora in the Americas; and the project was to abolish the color line and socially integrate blacks with whites.
For Garvey [1887-1940], the constituency was all the Negro peoples of the world, wherever they were; and the means to achieve emancipation was by building a Negro 3
superpower in Africa, an industrial superpower that would be "strong enough to lend protection to the members of our race scattered all over the world, and to compel the respect of the nations and races of the earth. . . ."
For Nkrumah [1909-1972], the champion of Continentalism, the constituency was, as in the OAU, the inhabitants of the African continent, Arabs and Negroes together, but without the black Diaspora; and the means to achieve emancipation was by building socialism and integrating the neo-colonial states on the continent into one continental state with a single continental government.
DuBois was a pioneer, with the inevitable limitations in the work of a pioneer. Garvey was a great leap forward from DuBois; and Nkrumah was a great leap backward from both Garvey and DuBois. Why do I say that? DuBois got the constituency right and the project wrong; Garvey got the constituency right and the project right; Nkrumah got the constituency wrong and the project also wrong. But that is a topic for another occasion.
My task today is to present to you the legacy of Marcus Garvey. I shall start with a summary of what he did, and then go into what he bequeathed us, and then what lessons we should learn from him.
[NOTE: all page references are to Amy Jacques Garvey, ed., Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey, New York: Atheneum, 1992. With an introduction by Robert A. Hill]
By Chinweizu
Sundoor777@hyperia.com
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for the past one hundred years, the negroes have been winning the race between the two revolutions that malcolm x said existed in the black community: the black revolution and the negro revolution. and it was the adherents of the negro revolution that helped foster the demise of marcus garvey, because they saw him as a threat to their access to material luxury provided by the white supremacist powers-that-be, in exchange for their complicity in the maintenance of the predatory nature of capitalism. so, the bottom line is the removal and defeat of the negro revolution in order for there to be a proper and clear advocacy for genuine afrikan liberation by any means necessary, which include dying if need be.
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for the past one hundred years, the negroes have been winning the race between the two revolutions that malcolm x said existed in the black community: the black revolution and the negro revolution. and it was the adherents of the negro revolution that helped foster the demise of marcus garvey, because they saw him as a threat to their access to material luxury provided by the white supremacist powers-that-be, in exchange for their complicity in the maintenance of the predatory nature of capitalism. so, the bottom line is the removal and defeat of the negro revolution in order for there to be a proper and clear advocacy for genuine afrikan liberation by any means necessary, which include dying if need be.
uhuru!