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2024-03-29T06:47:55Z
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A MODEST PROPOSAL FROM MEMBERS OF THE AFRICAN DIASPORA TO THE AFRICAN UNION
https://www.theblacklist.net/profiles/blogs/a-modest-proposal-from-members-1
2011-03-06T02:15:04.000Z
2011-03-06T02:15:04.000Z
TheBlackList
https://www.theblacklist.net/members/TheBlackList
<div><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">by <strong><a href="http://aol.com" target="_blank">Dr. David L. Horne</a>,<br /> SRDC and PADU</strong></font></font>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">Last week, in Pretoria, South Africa, the current and past administrative capital of the country, there was a meeting sponsored by the South African government based on its 2006 mandate from the African Union to hold several conferences in and about the African Diaspora in order to identify what makes the Diaspora tick. This was all related to the AU's 2003 invitation to the African Diaspora to come and join that organization to assist in unifying the African continent.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">The meeting last week was to help prepare for the January, 2012 African Diaspora Final Summary gathering in South Africa, in the aftermath of five previous Diaspora Consultative Conferences and a postponed 2008 Final Summit. Officially called the Diaspora Technical Workshop, this event was what we also label the prep com Technical Workshop, or the TCEM.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">There were more than 85 members of the African Diaspora asked to come to the gathering, with at least 65 accepting the challenge. Participants came from the USA (Washington State, Washington, D.C., New York, Illinois, and California), Paris, London, Guadeloupe, Brazil, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, and various African countries, including Tanzania, Nigeria, Ghana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Uganda, the DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo), etc.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">The primary aim of the Technical Workshop was to craft the core of the agenda for the 2012 Final Conference, based on the document previously approved in 2007-2008, called the Consolidated Outcomes and the Diaspora Programme of Action. The Consolidated Outcomes document was to be re-analyzed, edited and added to somewhat, then re-approved. Finally, the Diaspora was to be formally asked how the AU should proceed regarding the African Diaspora.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">The following is a truncated version of a letter crafted by the California and Washington State delegation to the Technical Workshop regarding Diaspora participation in this process.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">To our hosts and friends, the government of South Africa and the African Union, the African descendants present at this gathering greet you in solidarity and appreciation for your sponsorship of this Technical workshop. What a great opportunity for international dialogue and for enhancing our mutual understanding and respect for one another !!</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">Each member of the African Diaspora present for these two days either represents a distinctive Diasporan organization or scores of African descendants individually. all of whom are anxious to hear positive news about the current development and status of the AU-Diaspora relationship.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">We collectively want to emphasize to you that the African Diaspora is thankful for Article 3(q) of the AU Constitutive Act, and for all of the various Consultative Conferences, CIAD (Committee of Imminent African Descendants) gatherings and previous Technical Workshops which have all pushed the AU-Diaspora relationship forward, including the AU Task Force meeting recently held in NY in October, 2010.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">In addition, we want to state forthrightly that the African Diaspora does not come to this relationship as beggars, paupers, supplicants or starry-eyed novices. We know we must come, and we fully intend to come, as bearers of economic benefit, as cultural architects of networked media and artistry, as skillful NGO organizers of millions of people, and as willing workers in the long struggle to achieve the United States of Africa.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">We thank the government of South Africa and the African Union for the summary articulation of the Programme of Action and the Consolidated Outcomes which were originally approved in 2007-2008 as statements of commonalities for the African Diaspora and as a proposal to achieve collective work and responsibility. Although most of the short-term and long-term strategies mentioned in those documents have yet to be completed or even begun, the several action commissions established in those documents have motivated more than one Diaspora group in various parts of the world to begin to organize itself around those topic themes. The Netherlands and Germany are cases in point.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">But at this particular gathering of the Technical Workshop on the African Diaspora, many of us are ready to move to a higher level in this relationship, and thus we propose the following items to be included in the Final Consolidated Outcomes and Programme of Action for the African Diaspora.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">We, representing several components of the African Diaspora, including some elected, some appointed, and some just curious, assert the position that:</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">(1) There are currently well over 1500 African Diaspora organizations of some sort operating at one level or the other in the Diaspora 6th Region. We, as African descendants, must organize ourselves into no more than 25 or 30 large partnership associations and major coalitions in order to maximize our effectiveness in working with the AU. We will do this on our own and at our own expense---in fact the process has already moved forward with the organization of the Pan African Diaspora Union (PADU) and other large international bodies. We only ask the AU for approval and support in this process of consolidation.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">(2) The permanent AU ECOSOCC (Economic, Social and Cultural Commission) has now been operating for two years (2008-2010) without the 20 elected seats designated to the African Diaspora being filled. Gaining credibility and status in ECOSOCC is crucial for African Diaspora participation in the other available components of the AU, including the PAP (Pan African Parliament). The Diaspora has at least one proven and validated method ready to correct this absence in ECOSOCC, and that is the Town Hall-Community Council of Elders model created and advocated by the SRDC (Sixth Region Diaspora Caucus) in the U.S. Central America, the Caribbean, and in Europe. Again, the African Diaspora is willing to put in the tremendous time and work necessary and to bear the expense of conducting the requisite community organizing all over the 6th Region. We simply ask the AU to sit down with the architects and advocates of that method (and any other) and make a judgement to approve and support their efforts.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">(3) The African Diaspora currently does hundreds, even thousands, of individual projects in Africa every year. These include building hospitals, drilling water-well bore holes in African villages, bringing ambulances and other medical equipment to the continent, spending quality time as dentists and physicians tending to those who need it, financially supporting orphanages, school fees, computer labs, school renovation and library construction, etc. The main problem is that these efforts are often redundant and they are scattered. There needs to be a major organization and consolidation of such efforts to maximize their impact and to better focus bringing the needed resources and human capital to the areas that most require them. The African Diaspora pledges to do that.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">(4) There are current plans to build and operate several Pan African Business and Trade Centers in various parts of the 6th Region so that a well-coordinated, consistent economic effort can be organized for the mutual benefit of Africa and its Diaspora. Such centers will advocate, support and direct more AGOA (U.S, African Growth and Opportunity Act) projects that actually help African growers and producers rather than frustrate and hinder them. Such centers will connect African producers and sellers with Diasporan producers and sellers. Such centers will also coordinate African scientists, architects and engineers so that more training of African youth in skilled positions occurs, and more useful projects that provide essential alternatives actually get built and become sustainable, including more solar, wind, and other green technology.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">(5) Essentially, given the current decision by the AU to maximize development activities in the 8 or so African RECs (Regional Economic Communities), the African Diaspora 6th Region pledges to become an REC itself to create more opportunities and creative solutions for African descendants.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><br /></p>
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A MODEST PROPOSAL FROM MEMBERS OF THE AFRICAN DIASPORA TO THE AFRICAN UNION
https://www.theblacklist.net/profiles/blogs/a-modest-proposal-from-members
2011-03-06T02:14:54.000Z
2011-03-06T02:14:54.000Z
TheBlackList
https://www.theblacklist.net/members/TheBlackList
<div><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">by <strong><a href="http://aol.com" target="_blank">Dr. David L. Horne</a>,<br /> SRDC and PADU</strong></font></font>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">Last week, in Pretoria, South Africa, the current and past administrative capital of the country, there was a meeting sponsored by the South African government based on its 2006 mandate from the African Union to hold several conferences in and about the African Diaspora in order to identify what makes the Diaspora tick. This was all related to the AU's 2003 invitation to the African Diaspora to come and join that organization to assist in unifying the African continent.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">The meeting last week was to help prepare for the January, 2012 African Diaspora Final Summary gathering in South Africa, in the aftermath of five previous Diaspora Consultative Conferences and a postponed 2008 Final Summit. Officially called the Diaspora Technical Workshop, this event was what we also label the prep com Technical Workshop, or the TCEM.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">There were more than 85 members of the African Diaspora asked to come to the gathering, with at least 65 accepting the challenge. Participants came from the USA (Washington State, Washington, D.C., New York, Illinois, and California), Paris, London, Guadeloupe, Brazil, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, and various African countries, including Tanzania, Nigeria, Ghana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Uganda, the DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo), etc.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">The primary aim of the Technical Workshop was to craft the core of the agenda for the 2012 Final Conference, based on the document previously approved in 2007-2008, called the Consolidated Outcomes and the Diaspora Programme of Action. The Consolidated Outcomes document was to be re-analyzed, edited and added to somewhat, then re-approved. Finally, the Diaspora was to be formally asked how the AU should proceed regarding the African Diaspora.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">The following is a truncated version of a letter crafted by the California and Washington State delegation to the Technical Workshop regarding Diaspora participation in this process.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">To our hosts and friends, the government of South Africa and the African Union, the African descendants present at this gathering greet you in solidarity and appreciation for your sponsorship of this Technical workshop. What a great opportunity for international dialogue and for enhancing our mutual understanding and respect for one another !!</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">Each member of the African Diaspora present for these two days either represents a distinctive Diasporan organization or scores of African descendants individually. all of whom are anxious to hear positive news about the current development and status of the AU-Diaspora relationship.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">We collectively want to emphasize to you that the African Diaspora is thankful for Article 3(q) of the AU Constitutive Act, and for all of the various Consultative Conferences, CIAD (Committee of Imminent African Descendants) gatherings and previous Technical Workshops which have all pushed the AU-Diaspora relationship forward, including the AU Task Force meeting recently held in NY in October, 2010.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">In addition, we want to state forthrightly that the African Diaspora does not come to this relationship as beggars, paupers, supplicants or starry-eyed novices. We know we must come, and we fully intend to come, as bearers of economic benefit, as cultural architects of networked media and artistry, as skillful NGO organizers of millions of people, and as willing workers in the long struggle to achieve the United States of Africa.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">We thank the government of South Africa and the African Union for the summary articulation of the Programme of Action and the Consolidated Outcomes which were originally approved in 2007-2008 as statements of commonalities for the African Diaspora and as a proposal to achieve collective work and responsibility. Although most of the short-term and long-term strategies mentioned in those documents have yet to be completed or even begun, the several action commissions established in those documents have motivated more than one Diaspora group in various parts of the world to begin to organize itself around those topic themes. The Netherlands and Germany are cases in point.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">But at this particular gathering of the Technical Workshop on the African Diaspora, many of us are ready to move to a higher level in this relationship, and thus we propose the following items to be included in the Final Consolidated Outcomes and Programme of Action for the African Diaspora.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">We, representing several components of the African Diaspora, including some elected, some appointed, and some just curious, assert the position that:</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">(1) There are currently well over 1500 African Diaspora organizations of some sort operating at one level or the other in the Diaspora 6th Region. We, as African descendants, must organize ourselves into no more than 25 or 30 large partnership associations and major coalitions in order to maximize our effectiveness in working with the AU. We will do this on our own and at our own expense---in fact the process has already moved forward with the organization of the Pan African Diaspora Union (PADU) and other large international bodies. We only ask the AU for approval and support in this process of consolidation.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">(2) The permanent AU ECOSOCC (Economic, Social and Cultural Commission) has now been operating for two years (2008-2010) without the 20 elected seats designated to the African Diaspora being filled. Gaining credibility and status in ECOSOCC is crucial for African Diaspora participation in the other available components of the AU, including the PAP (Pan African Parliament). The Diaspora has at least one proven and validated method ready to correct this absence in ECOSOCC, and that is the Town Hall-Community Council of Elders model created and advocated by the SRDC (Sixth Region Diaspora Caucus) in the U.S. Central America, the Caribbean, and in Europe. Again, the African Diaspora is willing to put in the tremendous time and work necessary and to bear the expense of conducting the requisite community organizing all over the 6th Region. We simply ask the AU to sit down with the architects and advocates of that method (and any other) and make a judgement to approve and support their efforts.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">(3) The African Diaspora currently does hundreds, even thousands, of individual projects in Africa every year. These include building hospitals, drilling water-well bore holes in African villages, bringing ambulances and other medical equipment to the continent, spending quality time as dentists and physicians tending to those who need it, financially supporting orphanages, school fees, computer labs, school renovation and library construction, etc. The main problem is that these efforts are often redundant and they are scattered. There needs to be a major organization and consolidation of such efforts to maximize their impact and to better focus bringing the needed resources and human capital to the areas that most require them. The African Diaspora pledges to do that.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">(4) There are current plans to build and operate several Pan African Business and Trade Centers in various parts of the 6th Region so that a well-coordinated, consistent economic effort can be organized for the mutual benefit of Africa and its Diaspora. Such centers will advocate, support and direct more AGOA (U.S, African Growth and Opportunity Act) projects that actually help African growers and producers rather than frustrate and hinder them. Such centers will connect African producers and sellers with Diasporan producers and sellers. Such centers will also coordinate African scientists, architects and engineers so that more training of African youth in skilled positions occurs, and more useful projects that provide essential alternatives actually get built and become sustainable, including more solar, wind, and other green technology.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><font size="4">(5) Essentially, given the current decision by the AU to maximize development activities in the 8 or so African RECs (Regional Economic Communities), the African Diaspora 6th Region pledges to become an REC itself to create more opportunities and creative solutions for African descendants.</font></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0in;" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> </p>
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Looking At President Barack Obama and the Black Community
https://www.theblacklist.net/profiles/blogs/looking-at-president-barack
2011-01-29T01:33:15.000Z
2011-01-29T01:33:15.000Z
TheBlackList
https://www.theblacklist.net/members/TheBlackList
<div><div><p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"><strong>PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: TWO YEARS AND COUNTING—WHITHER THE DEMANDS OF BLACK FOLKS</strong><br /><a href="" target="_blank">David L. Horne, Ph.D :<br /></a></font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">On Tuesday, January 25, 2011, President Barack Obama will deliver his second State of the Union address, as called for by the U.S. Constitution. This will also be his fourth speech to a joint session of Congress. It is hoped that there will be no more of the egregiously disrespectful conduct exhibited by South Carolina Congressman Joe Wilson, with his “You lie!” outburst(a violation for which he received a mere hand slap penalty from the House of Representatives).</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">President Obama, who has thus far not shown himself to be a braggart, can legitimately claim many, many accomplishments along a pathway of change in and for America within the 24 months since his inauguration. Troops are calmly but steadily being drawn down from the Iraq military adventure without panic or loss of face, as occurred in Vietnam. The Lillie Ledbetter legislation the President signed did provide the strongest legal basis yet for comparable worth in the workplace for American women. There are new regulations on credit card companies. There is a relatively strong set of regulations and constraints regarding financial institutions and consumer protection in the U.S. Financial Reform Act. All of these, the White House staff says, help all of America including the Black community. </font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">During the 2011 speech then, which will probably be great oratory, what can Black Americans expect to hear? And, more importantly, what can they expect in tangible terms from the next two years of Barack Obama’s first term?</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">The most practical answer to both questions regarding our most pragmatic of presidents is very probably more of the same.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">That “same” means a thick mesh of third or fourth page news- producing decisions that have benefitted the Black community in distinctive ways. with one or two headline crashing exceptions to that rule. That “same” means the President not specifically targeting in public the goals, projects and activities he wants done as satisfying demands from the Black community. The tasks and projects just get done without fanfare and bombast.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">As an example, with the 2010 Executive Order and the corresponding White House Initiative on HBCUs, nearly $100 million dollars in new 2011 budget funding became available to HBCUs, along with financial access to regular annual federal support for an expanded list of these schools, all non-available to them since the Lyndon Johnson era. Few but insiders knew. A second example is the Claims Resolution Act of 2010, which appropriated monies to settle the Cobell Indian lawsuit and the Pigford II Black farmers’ lawsuit, although this one was publicized a little more widely than other such Obama efforts.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">As a matter of fact, if one did a random selection quiz of most Americans, as one recent poll did, very, very few, even among the President’s supporters, can name even 10 of the most significant executive orders, legislation, senior appointments or other tangible results scored by the Obama presidency. In the Black community, which still supports the President heavily, in spite of rhetoric to the contrary, that percentage is even lower.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">How then can Blacks expect more when there is no regular assessment of what has already been done floating around in the African American community? The answer may lay in the nature of that expectation.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Two Angelenos from different generations interviewed recently on this issue, Robbye Davis and Opal Young, put it this way. ‘Our President has not embarrassed us. He has been prudent, ethical, a gentleman and a brilliant political scholar. He may very well be too smart for them….Black folks need their leaders, particularly in this case THE leader, not to make them put their heads down in shame. The President has good home training and he makes us proud……..We expect him to keep on that path. Just stay on the high road.’ </font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Additionally, the very symbol of Mr. Obama and the First Family being in the White House still holds sway among virtually all Blacks, both inside and outside the USA. Internet mail continues to demonstrate President Obama’s tremendous international reputation and popularity. He is still the reference point for breaking the greatest glass ceiling of the Black community’s life experiences. To many in the Black community, it is enough that, according to the stats, Mr. Obama has accomplished more in 2 years than both Mr. Bushes in 12.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">So, even without being able to recite a substantial portion of the President’s accomplishments, it just feels like he’s doing all right, several community denizens added. ‘He’s a credit to the race and we expect he will continue to be. For me, that’s enough. Long as they don’t Arizona him, he’ll be fine,’ a Mr. Roberts said.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">But whether some in the Black community still demand that the President lay out and subscribe to a specific Black Agenda or not, given the perpetual state of the Black American population in 17% unemployment, high prison incarceration, high HIV-related deaths, high mortgage foreclosures, high drop-out rates, lowered average life expectancy, and high urban criminal statistics and other negatives, there will continue to be scrutiny and assessment of Mr. Obama as long as he is anywhere close to the reins of American political leadership. For example, every president gets the Census Bureau End of Term Assessment, eventually. That means this President too will be measured based on whether the average American made progress or lost ground during his administration.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">The 2009 version of that report evaluated George W. Bush’s administration and found that Mr. Bush left America substantially worse off than he found it when he came in as president in 2000. The standard indices of that evaluation, including median household income, level of poverty, childhood poverty, and the number of citizens without health insurance demonstrated that Mr. Bush essentially flunked the presidential course, earning the dubious distinction, according to the Economic Policy Institute, of being the only known American head of state to have led the country into 8 years of economic decline. The median income declined, overall poverty increased, as did childhood poverty to alarming proportions, and there was a major increase in the number of Americans without health insurance. </font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"> When George H.W. Bush left office in 1992, the median American income was $46,603, when Bill Clinton left office in 2000, it was $52,500, and when Mr. Bush, the younger, left, it was down 4.2% to $50,303. The number of Americans living in poverty when G.H.W. Bush left office was 38 million, when Clinton left it was down 6.4% to 31.6 million, and when G.W. Bush left in 2008, that number had increased by 21.6%. Children in poverty declined under Clinton and increased under Bush, the younger, and those without health insurance declined under Clinton and increased under Mr. Bush.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">It is entirely too early to do this kind of in-depth assessment of Mr. Obama’s presidency. But using the current indices, he just might do all right. Those indices are clearly towards the positive right now.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">But for those wanting to evaluate Mr. Obama today, or those who want to refute negative claims of Mr. Obama’s achievements thus far in office, OUR WEEKLY provides a longer list elsewhere in this edition. The highlights of that list of accomplishments that greatly benefit the Black community include:</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">1.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Getting Unemployment Benefits extended for another 13 months so over 3.5 million Americans could continue getting some monies for food, housing and other essentials.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">2.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Getting payroll taxes and taxes on small businesses reduced so more money is in people’s pockets and there is more incentive for small businesses to hire folk.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">3.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Signing an Executive Order to implement the President’s Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and directly increasing the federal financial support of HBCUs, together allowing a significant number of those colleges to stave off bankruptcy.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">4.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Getting the Black Farmers’ $1.3 billion dollar reparations legislation done and signed.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">5.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Appointing two remarkable women to the U.S. Supreme Court</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">6.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Signing the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010, <strong>which drastically decreases the impact of disproportionate mandatory/minimum sentencing for first time drug abusers and those convicted of simple possession. A large number of Black American men and women are currently incarcerated because of these old-school “Rockefeller Laws” and many more were on the way. </strong></font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">7.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Signing the repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, after having already signed an Executive Order declaring assaults against gays as hate crimes.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">8.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Signing the first significant piece of legislation in nearly 100 years which called for comparable worth pay in the workplace (the Lillie Ledbetter Act).</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">9.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Ordering FEMA and the EPA to once again report directly to the President, ending the mismanagement cycle for natural disasters and environmental issues seen during the Bush administration (remember Katrina?).</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">10.</font> </font><font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"><strong>Ordering the White House and all federal agencies to respect the Freedom of Information Act, thereby overturning Bush-era limits on accessibility of federal documents.</strong></font></font></font></p>
<p><font><strong><font face="Calibri" size="3">11.</font> <font size="3"><font face="Calibri"> Making significant cracks in the old boys’ network of constant contract procurement by ending no-bid federal contracting, banning tax delinquent and tax non-payment individuals and companies from bidding on federal contracts, ordering the removal and banning of lobbyists from serving on federal and White House advisory panels and boards, and ordering the ‘Open government Directive,’ which mandates all Cabinet departments to advocate, promote and implement public transparency and citizen participation in department initiatives.</font></font></strong></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">12.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Authorizing the US auto industry rescue plan and two GMAC rescue packages that essentially saved GM and Chrysler, and thus thousands of auto industry jobs.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">13.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"> Authorizing a $789 billion economic stimulus plan, which included 1/3 in tax cuts for working-class and middle-income families, 1/3 to states for infrastructure construction projects, and 1/3 to states to prevent the layoff of police officers, teachers and other civil servants at risk of losing their jobs because of city and state budget shortfalls</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">14.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Authorizing and signing legislation that changes the relationship between credit card companies and the card-holding public banning the raising of rates arbitrarily and without advance notification, especially if customers are paying bills on time.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">15.</font> </font> <font><font face="Calibri" size="3">Signing the historic Wall Street reform bill that was designed to put in new regulations and federal oversight to end the kind of abusive practices that helped start and fuel the current</font></font> <font>recession, and to promote consumer safety through the presence of a powerful Consumer Protection Commission.</font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">16.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Signing legislation establishing the Promise Neighborhood Program.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">17.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Re-funding arts education nationally in public schools.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">18.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Fully funding the National Endowment for the Arts for the first time since President Carter’s administration.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">19.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Changing NASA’s current and future mission and tripling its funding.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">20.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Doubling the monies available for Pell Grants</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">21.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Signing hate crime legislation to cover acts of homophobia.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">22.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Resurrecting funding and respect for the EEOC, which investigates racial discrimination in the workplace.</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">23.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Tripling the budget to hire more FDA meat inspectors</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">24.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Signing legislation to protect college students from predatory lenders and onerous pay-back schemes</font></font></font></p>
<p><font><font face="Calibri" size="3">25.</font> </font> <font><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">Signing legislation to fully fund the VA for the first time since 1956 to honor our commitment to returning and former soldiers. </font></font></font></p>
<font>With our compliments, take the list with you and fully utilize it.<br /><br /></font></div></div>
Dr. King and the Political Economics of the African Diaspora
https://www.theblacklist.net/profiles/blogs/dr-king-and-the-political
2011-01-13T02:30:00.000Z
2011-01-13T02:30:00.000Z
TheBlackList
https://www.theblacklist.net/members/TheBlackList
<div><div class="art-Post-inner"><h2 class="art-PostHeader"><font>The political economics of Dr. King’s legacy</font></h2>
<div class="art-PostContent"><div class="art-article article"><div class="addthis_toolbox"><div class="vertical"><font><img src="http://bid.openx.net/cm?wid=7047d890-ec4b-4a41-9fa0-94ed6e5e91a4" alt="cm?wid=7047d890-ec4b-4a41-9fa0-94ed6e5e91a4" /></font><a target="_blank" href="http://aol.com">David L. Horne, Ph.D.</a>,</div>
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<div class="field field-type-text field-field-abstract"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item odd"><p><font><font size="4"><strong>Practical Politics</strong></font></font></p>
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<p><font>The Martin Luther King holiday is 25 years old this month. Not bad for a true product of American democracy at its ugliest and its best.</font></p>
<p><font>Remembering the loud, raucous, and sometimes racially vicious political war fought to get the holiday established, one is doubly honored to watch one of Dr. King’s movement progeny work his POTUS magic through a relentlessly dangerous minefield of negativity.</font></p>
<p><font>During the struggle to establish the holiday, there was intense conservative filibustering. Both the “respectable bigotry” of the John Birch Society and the “po’ white trash” physicality of the KKK engaged in local and state intimidation. There were legal assaults and judicial ambushes, as well as old-fashioned massive marches, both of protest and support. They were all testimony to the fact that the fight over the MLK holiday was another front in the continuing cultural war, with one side trying to impose a permanent inferiority and a stay-in-your-place condition on Black folk, while the other side fought (and fights) to reclaim and maintain racial dignity and self-respect.</font></p>
<p><font>It is instructive, in these present 21st-century days of continuing economic distress for a significant proportion of the African American population, to also remember that Dr. King’s legacy was multidimensional, and cannot be deconstructed to a singular speech, no matter how brilliant it was. As part of the political economics of the Civil Rights Movement’s stride forward, Dr. King gave us eloquently articulated and effectively organized inspiration in the economic realm, and it deserves more research, recognition and pride of place in Dr. King’s legacy.</font></p>
<p><font>As we remember, Dr. King was in Memphis on the day of his death to continue helping the Black Sanitation Workers, an AFSCME labor union affiliate, which was on strike for better wages, improved health benefits and non-discriminatory treatment on the job. He had been there several days, even though the struggle there was seen as a sideline detour by most of his staff members on the road to the much larger and upcoming Poor Peoples’ Campaign in Washington, D.C. In fact, for many in the movement, Dr. King’s involvement in an economic labor dispute did not fit the profile they had come to expect. However, to those paying close attention, it was pure Dr. King.</font></p>
<p><font>The sanitation workers needed him there, they asked for his help, and although the effort was not good for his reputation, he went anyway and stayed in spite of things going very badly. He insisted that the city deal fairly with the workers and grant them the economic relief they sought and deserved.</font></p>
<p><font>Additionally, regarding the Poor Peoples’ Campaign, shortly before he died, Dr. King said, “We call our demonstration a campaign for jobs and income because we feel that the economic question is the most crucial that Black people and poor people generally, are confronting.” In particular, Dr. King was an advocate of continental African-Negro American economic linkages, he strongly supported increased employment opportunities and advancement, and he consistently presented a case for Black self-sufficiency and self-help.</font></p>
<p><font>In March 1957, for example, Dr. King, his wife and family traveled to Ghana, West Africa. At first glance, one would have assumed this to be a vacation of sorts. After all, Dr. King had just helped to secure the tremendous victory of Black Montgomery citizens in the lengthy boycott of the city’s bus company. Dr. King was on the precipice of co-organizing the seminal civil rights group, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, as one of the significant consequences of that successful boycott. So, the trip to Ghana, on the surface, looked like a needed respite from the battlefront.</font></p>
<p><font>In reality, the whirlwind tour of Ghana, in part to participate in the momentous celebration of the declaration of its independence from Great Britain—Ghana (formerly the Gold Coast) was the first sub-Saharan African country to accomplish political, if not economic, independence from a European colonial power—was scheduled and occasioned as a business trip. (Ironically, Dr. King met Vice President Richard Nixon, who was also in Ghana for this first independence day. He briefly discussed with him the purpose and importance of the Civil Rights Movement then getting under way. Dr. King had not been able to speak to Mr. Nixon on American soil.) Dr. King spoke at length with Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah about what this new development in African history meant, and about how Blacks who were now thousands of miles apart could help each other, politically, economically and culturally. He said, “It was my hope that even people from America would go to Africa as immigrants. American Negroes could lend their technical assistance to a growing new nation… Nkrumah made it very clear to me that he would welcome any (Negro) persons coming there as immigrants.” Further, according to his autobiography, Dr. King remained interested in, advocated, and tried to maintain regular updates on the evolution of such continental-diasporan ties. In that regard, Dr. King was a true Pan-Africanist.</font></p>
<p><font>This viewpoint segued right into his Atlanta background, which had emphasized the continuing need for Black folk—Negroes—to stand up on their own in the world and earn the national and global respect that they so richly deserved. His father, Daddy King, and his grandfather, another minister, had taught Dr. King that it was through thrift, hard work, self-discipline, a relentless commitment to educational advancement, familial stability and self-improvement that Black folk could and would rise from poverty and become outstanding participatory citizens. This ethos was a guiding principle to Dr. King throughout his private and public life, even though during the last several years of that life he also strongly advocated guaranteed government-provided jobs for all Blacks who wanted to work as an approach to jump-start the self-help project. Sprinkled throughout Dr. King’s many speeches are phrases like “Let’s live within our means. Save our money and invest it in meaningful ends,” and “…Negroes must develop the habits of thrift and techniques of wise investment (so that) the Negro will be doing his share to grapple with his problem of economic deprivation.”</font></p>
<p><font>Dr. King wrestled with the very concept of government welfare for Blacks, and theorized about the creation of a Black underclass in America that had been consistently encouraged not to work or to develop self-sustaining habits. (That class would become self-destructive, regularly perpetuate criminality and gang violence, and prey on and disrespect Black women. Sounds like he got it about right.)</font></p>
<p><font>Developing a proud, stand-on-your-own-two-feet working class was what Dr. King advocated the most relentlessly for Black folk in America. Even in arguing for massive federal government intervention, including a guaranteed income as part of his economic bill of rights proposal, to solve “the Negro problem,” it was still about getting to the point of self-help. In a 1967 speech, he said, “The ultimate way to diminish our problems of crime, family disorganization, illegitimacy and so forth will have to be found through a government program to help the frustrated Negro male find his true masculinity by placing him on his own two economic feet.”</font></p>
<p><font>Dr. King’s proposal for the creation of a Public Service Job Assurance project to address the growing alienation of Black and White youth who were mired in hard-core unemployment situations still stands as a magnificent testament to his economic and political vision for modern America. “We must develop a federal program of public works, retraining, and jobs for all—so that none, White or Black, will have cause to feel threatened.”</font></p>
<p><font>In essence, Dr. King, justifiably famous as the nonviolent crusader and civil rights advocate, was indeed much, much more. He was an economic theorist and strategist with plans, proposals and even dreams to free Black folk of economic dependency and bondage. It is fascinating to contemplate what he would say now if he were here to assess the current economic conditions of African Americans. And in this time of economic turmoil for too many of us, re-looking at his economic and Pan African message can provide more hope and inspiration for us to carry on through to higher ground.</font></p>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://aol.com">Professor David L. Horne</a><br /><p><font><strong><em>, is founder and executive director of PAPPEI, the Pan African Public Policy and Ethical Institute, which is a new 501(c)(3) pending community-based organization or Non Governmental Organization (NGO). It is the step-parent organization for the California Black Think Tank which still operates and which meets every fourth Friday.<br /></em></strong><br /></font></p>
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LEADERSHIP MA’AT: MA’AT AND MODERN YOUTH LEADERSHIP
https://www.theblacklist.net/profiles/blogs/leadership-maat-maat-and
2010-07-18T03:00:00.000Z
2010-07-18T03:00:00.000Z
KWASI Akyeampong
https://www.theblacklist.net/members/KWASIAkyeampong
<div><div style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial;font-size:small;line-height:15px;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><b style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:16pt;">CHAPTER V</span></b></font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial;font-size:small;line-height:15px;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><b style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:16pt;"><br /></span></b></font></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><b style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:16pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">LEADERSHIP MA’AT:</font></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><b style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:16pt;">MA’AT AND MODERN <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1279415568_2" style="line-height:1.2em;">YOUTH LEADERSHIP</span></span></b></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><b style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:16pt;"><span class="yshortcuts" style="line-height:1.2em;"><br /></span></span></b></font></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3" style="line-height:1.2em;"><strong style="line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Arial" size="2" style="line-height:1.2em;">by <a href="DaudiPembe@aol.com">David L. Horne, Ph.D</a></font></strong></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3" style="line-height:1.2em;"><strong style="line-height:1.2em;"><br /></strong></font></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><b style="line-height:1.2em;"><i style="line-height:1.2em;"><u style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">INTRODUCTION TO THE CHAPTER</span></u></i></b></font></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">There exists a prevailing crisis of <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1279415568_3" style="line-height:1.2em;">African American leadership</span> at all levels. That is a predicament both dangerous and adverse to the continued progress of the various dimensions of the<span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1279415568_4" style="line-height:1.2em;">African American community</span>. The crisis is both of content and conduct and it (along with other social factors) may be preventing the youth from learning what they must know and how they must use that knowledge to move the struggle toward freedom and respect further in the near future and in the millennium.</span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><br /></span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">In the 1690s, the 1790s, and the 1890s in America, serious citizens of the Black persuasion met, dialogued and decided on meaningful leadership strategies for the road ahead. The broader issues they dealt with were virtually always related to changing definitions of freedom in America, how to acquire equal participation and respect for those committed to staying in America, and generally to the politics and logistics of various kinds of nationalism or emigrationism . In essence, they were issues of inclusion solely, and issues of inclusion with an option to fly out of here.</span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">By definition, those who accepted the role of leadership in handling these issues were held accountable for accurately representing, interpreting and articulating the interests of their constituency. The continuing responsibility and obligation of all effective Black leadership in those past eras was to maintain the integrity of the connection between the leader and the led. Debates, disagreements, disputes over philosophies, tactics and strategies of getting to “the Promised Land,” never dissolved the affirmed imperative that leadership must always remember itself as a function solely of the interests of the constituency it speaks for, and never allow itself, or be allowed, to become a vehicle for personal vendettas and personal agendas. Credible leadership in the Black community was neither intended nor tolerated to lead itself. The violation of that principle and the non-correction of it in a timely fashion virtually always resulted in a de-legitimization of that leadership and the reduction to irrelevancy of the interests of that constituency. The history of African American leadership has most frequently exemplified, with few exceptions, the veracity of that principle.</span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><br /></span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">The aim of the process presented here is to spark a broad community dialogue over identifying, designating and developing a proper new paradigm for <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1279415568_5" style="line-height:1.2em;">African American leadership</span> in 21st-century America which will re-incorporate relevant principles from the past and synthesize them with the pragmatics of the present and future. Such a paradigm would be intended as a reference for the accountability of our leaders. It would not constitute an entrenched, dogmatic list of leadership qualifications to be imposed on the emerging crop of new <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1279415568_6" style="line-height:1.2em;">African American leaders</span>; however, it would provide elements of the constituency--in any aspect of the Black community--with points of comparison and reference from accepted Black standards by which to measure the quality of their particular leadership. Along with leadership responsibility, accountability and competency, the other seven ethical principles of Ma’at represent these accepted Black standards.</span></font></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF AFRICAN AMERICAN LEADERSHIP</span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">FOR THE <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1279415568_7" style="line-height:1.2em;">21ST CENTURY</span></span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">________________________________________________________________</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><br /></font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">I. THOSE WHO WOULD BE LEADERS MUST ALWAYS BE WILLING TO DO WHATEVER THEY ASK THEIR FOLLOWERS TO DO.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">2. THOSE WHO WOULD BE LEADERS MUST REMAIN RESPONSIBLE AND ACCOUNTABLE FOR THE DECISIONS THEY MAKE, AND MUST ACCEPT AND EXPECT TO RECEIVE BOTH CRITICISM AND PRAISE FOR THOSE DECISIONS. (HONESTY AND</span> <span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">STRAIGHTFORWARD TRUTH IN EXPLAINING ONESSELF TO THE</span> <span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">RELEVANT<span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1279415568_8" style="line-height:1.2em;">CONSTITUENCY</span> IS THE TIME-TESTED BEST STRATEGY FOR LEADERSHIP RESPONSES TO SUCH CRITICISM).</span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">3. THOSE WHO WOULD BE LEADERS MUST ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT THEY SERVE AT THE PLEASURE AND AS THE VOICE OF A CONSTITUENCY. (LEADERS SHOULD BEWARE OF SUBSTITUTING THEIR SINGLE VOICE FOR THE COLLECTIVE VOICES OF THE PEOPLE THEY REPRESENT.)</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">4. LEADERSHIP IS ALWAYS AND MUST REMAIN A COLLABORATIVE--RATHER THAN A UNILATERAL -- PROCESS ENGAGING THE LEADERS AND THE CONSTITUENCY. THUS LEADERS MUST LISTEN, CONSULT, BE ADVISED BY, AND GIVE DEFERENCE TO THE CONSTITUENCY.</span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">5. LEADERS MUST NOT DISRESPECT THE CONSTITUENCY OR ITS AGENDA--IF A CONFLICT ARISES BETWEEN AIMS, THE LEADER MUST COMMIT TO WORKING IT OUT WITH THE CONSTITUENCY RATHER THAN GOING IT ALONE.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">6. THE INTERESTS OF THE MANY MUST ALWAYS OUTWEIGH THE LUST AND EGO OF THE FEW.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">7. LEADERS MUST BE SKILLED, TRAINED AND ADROIT IN THE AREAS IN WHICH THEY PROVIDE LEADERSHIP. THEY MUST KEEP UP WITH THE EMERGING INFORMATION RELEVANT TO THOSE AREAS AND MUST NOT SUBSTITUTE RHETORIC FOR CRITICAL READING AND ANALYSIS.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">8. LEADERSHIP POPULARITY IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR <span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1279415568_9" style="line-height:1.2em;">LEADERSHIP COMPETENCY</span>, AND NO CONFUSION SHOULD BE ALLOWED REGARDING THEM.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">9. LEADERSHIP MUST DEMONSTRATE A CONTINUED KNOWLEDGE AND RESPECT FOR THE VALUES OF INTEGRITY, HONESTY AND VERACITY IN LEADERSHIP’S RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CONSTITUENCY.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">10. LEADERSHIP MUST ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT IT REPRESENTS A CONSTITUENCY’S AGENDA; LEADERSHIP ITSELF IS NOT THE AGENDA BEING REPRESENTED.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">11. LEADERSHIP IS AND MUST REMAIN PRINCIPLED AND SPIRITUALLY-CENTERED.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">12. LEADERSHIP MUST RECOGNIZE THAT RETAINING THE REINS TOO LONG HAS DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON THE HEALTH AND PROGRESS OF THE CONSTITUENCY.</span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">13. LEADERSHIP MUST ESSENTIALLY DEPEND ON COMMON SENSE AND MOTHER WIT.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">14. LEADERSHIP MUST DEMONSTRATE DECENT HOME TRAINING AND POLITENESS IN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ACTIVITIES.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">15. LEADERSHIP MUST NOT ENGAGE IN PROTRACTED DISAGREEMENTS WITH THE CONSTITUENCY AND SHOULD REFRAIN FROM PERJORATIVE NAME-CALLING AND RUMOR-MONGERING IN DISPUTES.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">16. LEADERSHIP MUST NOT BE DECEITFUL OR COWARDLY.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">17. LEADERSHIP MUST ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT BY EXAMPLE AND BY MODEL IT IS PROVIDING A TANGIBLE IMAGE OF WHAT THE CONSTITUENCY STANDS FOR AND BELIEVES. THE PUBLIC WILL MEASURE THE CREDIBILITY AND WORTH OF THE CONSTITUENCY BY THE QUALITY OF THAT REPRESENTATION.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">18. LEADERSHIP MUST TRAIN AND INSTRUCT REPLACEMENTS AND REINFORCEMENTS.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">19. LEADERSHIP MUST ALWAYS MAINTAIN BOTH AN HONORABLE VIGILANCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE RELEVANT CONSTITUENCY AND ‘ORGANIZATION’ EXIST, AND A CLEAR VISION OF WHERE THAT CONSTITUENCY IS HEADED.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">20. LEADERSHIP MUST PARTICIPATE IN THE ANALYSES, PLANNING, STRATEGIES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONSTITUENCY’S AGENDA WITHOUT VIOLATING ITS CONFIDENCES. LEADERSHIP MUST THEREFORE SURROUND ITSELF WITH AND TAKE HEED OF WISE COUNSEL.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">21. LEADERSHIP MAY BE THE SPEAR-THROWERS, SHIELD-BEARERS, PLANNERS, STRATEGISTS AND/OR EXECUTORS OF ACTION FOR AN ORGANIZATION, BUT THE CONSCIENCE AND SOUL OF ANY GROUP MUST REMAIN ITS CONSTITUENCY.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">22. LEADERSHIP MUST STAY FAMILIAR AND CURRENT WITH MODES OF COMMUNICATION AND ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE RELEVANT TO THE CONSTITUENCY.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">23. LEADERSHIP MUST CONDUCT THE CONSTITUENCY’S AFFAIRS WITH AS MUCH FAIRNESS AND EQUANIMITY AS IS POSSIBLE IN EVERY SITUATION.</span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">24. LEADERSHIP MUST BE A COLLECTOR AND DISSEMINATOR OF INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE, NOT A HOARDER.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">25. LEADERSHIP AND ITS CONSTITUENCY MUST BE MUTUALLY LOYAL, SENSITIVE AND RESPECTFUL ENOUGH OF EACH OTHER TO ACKNOWLEDGE WHEN TO RETAIN AND WHEN TO BREAK THE INTEGRAL BONDS BETWEEN THEM.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">LEADERSHIP ACCOUNTABILITIES</span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><br /></span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">________________________________________________________________</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><br /></font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">1. ANY LEADER WHO ABUSES THE CONSTITUENCY’S TRUST SHOULD BE HELD TO ACCOUNT IMMEDIATELY, AND RESPECTFULLY REPLACED, IF NECESSARY.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">2. ANY LEADER WHO STEALS FROM OR REPEATEDLY LIES TO THE CONSTITUENCY SHOULD BE HELD TO ACCOUNT IMMEDIATELY, AND RESPECTFULLY REPLACED, IF NECESSARY.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">3. ANY LEADER WHO CONSISTENTLY DISRESPECTS THE WOMEN PARTICIPANTS IN ANY ORGANIZATION IN WHICH HE/SHE PROVIDES LEADERSHIP SHOULD BE HELD TO ACCOUNT AND EITHER CORRECTED, OR IF INCORRIGIBLE, RESPECTFULLY REPLACED.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">4. ANY LEADER WHO REPEATEDLY FAILS TO CONSULT WITH AND TO CONSIDER THE WISE COUNSEL OF OTHERS IN THE ORGANIZATION BEFORE MAJOR DECISIONS WHICH AFFECT THE WELFARE OR THE EXISTENCE OF THE ORGANIZATION ARE IMPLEMENTED MUST BE HELD TO ACCOUNT, CORRECTED AND/OR RESPECTFULLY REPLACED, IF NECESSARY.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">5. ANY LEADER WHO USES THE FINANCIAL AND OTHER ESSENTIAL RESOURCES OF AN ORGANIZATION MUST SUBMIT TO THE REGULAR ORGANIZATIONAL SCRUTINY OF SUCH USE AND SHOULD EXPECT TO BE HELD TO ACCOUNT FOR INCONGRUENCIES.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">6. ANY LEADER UNDER WHOSE WATCH THE ORGANIZATION LOSES ITS DIRECTION AND FOCUS, BECOMES MORIBUND, AND ESSENTIALLY BECOMES MEANDERING , MUST BE HELD TO ACCOUNT AND THE AIMLESSNESS EITHER CORRECTED OR THE LEADER RESPECTFULLY REPLACED.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">7. ANY LEADER WHOSE STYLE OR ACTIVITIES BECOME CONSISTENTLY DELETERIOUS OR DANGEROUS TO THE EXISTENCE OR WELL-BEING OF THE ORGANIZATION, UNLESS SUCH ACTIVITIES ARE APPROVED BY THE CONSTITUENCY WITH THE RISKS KNOWN, MUST BE HELD TO ACCOUNT AND RESPECTFULLY REPLACED, IF NECESSARY.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">8. ANY LEADER MUST COMPLY WITH AND FOLLOW THE CONSTITUTION, BY-LAWS, RULES, AND REGULATIONS OF THE RELEVANT ORGANIZATION WHERE THOSE COMPONENTS EXIST--UNTIL THEY ARE CHANGED-- AS A ROLE MODEL TO OTHERS IN THE ORGANIZATION, AND SHOULD EXPECT TO BE HELD TO ACCOUNT FOR VIOLATING ANY OF THOSE COMPONENTS.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">9. ANY LEADER WHO BECOMES SPIRITUALLY AND/OR MORALLY BANKRUPT MUST BE HELD TO ACCOUNT AND EITHER CORRECTED OR RESPECTFULLY REPLACED.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">10. ANY LEADER WHOSE AMBITION FOR EGO GRATIFICATION, PERSONAL AGGRANDISEMENT, AND/OR PERSONAL GLORIFICATION SUPERCEDES THE PRIORITIES OF HIS/HER CONSTITUENT’S AGENDA MUST BE HELD TO ACCOUNT AND EITHER CORRECTED OR RESPECTFULLY REPLACED.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">11. ANY LEADER WHO BENEFITS FINANCIALLY OR FAMOUSLY FROM HIS/HER LEADERSHIP MUST IN TURN SHARE SUCH LARGESS WITH THE ORGANIZATION’S CONSTITUENCY AND SHOULD EXPECT TO BE HELD TO ACCOUNT FOR THIS OBLIGATION.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">12. ANY LEADER HELD TO ACCOUNT FOR ANY PURPOSE MUST BE ACCORDED A FORTHRIGHT, FAIR AND PROPER HEARING WITHIN WHICH HE/SHE CAN PRESENT A REASONED RESPONSE TO ANY AND ALL ALLEGATIONS IMPINGING UPON HER/HIS LEADERSHIP.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">13. LEADERSHIP SHOULD BE RESPECTED, BUT TO BE MAINTAINED, SUCH RESPECT MUST BE CONSISTENTLY EARNED; AND MUTUAL RESPECT BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND THE CONSTITUENCY MUST BE PRACTICED RELENTLESSLY.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">14. LEADERSHIP IS NEITHER DESTINED NOR AUTOMATIC, RATHER IT IS A CHOICE MADE AND ACCEPTED. EVERY LEADERSHIP CHOICE DOES NOT FIT EVERY SITUATION, AND ADJUSTMENTS IN THOSE CHOICES MUST SOMETIMES BE</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">MADE.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">15. CONSTITUENCIES NEED LEADERSHIP AND LEADERSHIP NEEDS CONSTITUENCIES---THE MUTUALITY OF THE CONNECTION SHOULD NEVER BE FORGOTTEN.</font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><br /></font></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;">MA’AT</span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:14pt;"><br /></span></font></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0in;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-size:10pt;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="line-height:1.2em;">© <i style="line-height:1.2em;">Meeting Ma’at</i> <span style="line-height:1.2em;">(AuthorHouse Pub., 2003)</span></font></span></div>
<span style="line-height:1.2em;font-family:serif;font-size:10pt;">by <a href="DaudiPembe@aol.com">D.L. Horne</a>, 2003</span></div>
<div style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-family:serif;font-size:10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-family:serif;font-size:10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="line-height:1.2em;font-family:serif;font-size:10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;line-height:1.2em;"></div></div>
A LITTLE DIAGNOSTIC IN BLACKFACE
https://www.theblacklist.net/profiles/blogs/a-little-diagnostic-in-1
2010-02-28T02:00:00.000Z
2010-02-28T02:00:00.000Z
TheBlackList
https://www.theblacklist.net/members/TheBlackList
<div><p><span style="text-transform:none;text-indent:0px;border-collapse:separate;font:medium 'Times New Roman';white-space:normal;letter-spacing:normal;color:rgb(0,0,0);word-spacing:0px;" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="line-height:11px;font-family:arial, helvetica;font-size:9px;" class="Apple-style-span"><em>Diagnostic True and False Test in <span style="border-bottom:rgb(0,102,204) 1px dashed;line-height:1.2em;background-color:transparent;" id="lw_1267320142_2" class="yshortcuts">Blackface</span> by Prof. David Horne</em></span></span></p>
<p></p>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoBodyText">Below are fifty-five (55) True-False questions on Black Culture (<span style="border-bottom:rgb(0,102,204) 1px dashed;line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_3" class="yshortcuts">African American Culture</span>. See what your Black Cultural Literacy (BCL) is. Answer sheet at end.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoBodyText"><br style="line-height:1.2em;" /></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____1. There used to be a Black Culture in America, but it is dead. Blacks are now generally mainstreamed as just Americans.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____2. If there is a Black Culture, one does not have to be Black to be a part of it; there are Whites who are part of Black Culture, Latinos, etc. Black Culture welcomes all.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____3. According to most scientific evidence, all mankind originally came from Africa, including all modern mankind, so essentially, everyone is African.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____4. Black American and <span style="border-bottom:rgb(0,102,204) 1px dashed;line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_4" class="yshortcuts">African American</span> mean the same thing.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____5. Most continental Africans recognize African Americans as another <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_5" class="yshortcuts">African tribe</span> (simply raised outside of the African continent).</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____6. Hip-hop, in its various forms, is now the dominant representation of true <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_6" class="yshortcuts">African American culture</span>.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____7. Whites can be African American (born on the continent and now American citizens).</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____8. If there is a Black culture still alive and relatively well somewhere, skin color is the primary determinant of who is and who isn’t Black.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____9. Caribbean Islanders, Central Americans and others who look Brown and Black are all considered as and see themselves generally as Black Americans (Caribbean Americans, Central Americans, South Americans, etc.).</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____10. African Americans generally speak English. Spanish and French-speaking Black folk are not and cannot be African Americans.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____11. In terms of culture, how you define yourself is much more important than how society defines you.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____12. All cultures in America are equal in value—socially and politically.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____13. In order to write Black literature, one first has to be Black; in order to play Black music, again, one has to be Black as a qualifying criteria.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____14. If there is a Black culture, it is simply another version—a sub-culture—of American culture and it really has little if any distinctiveness of its own.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____15. In large part, Black culture is a reaction to White culture and White racism</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">(i.e., Black culture, if it exists, is reactionary as part of its core).</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____16. Black culture is essentially ghetto culture.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____17. The Black or <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_7" class="yshortcuts">African American Experience</span> is the same thing as Black or African American culture.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">____18. Most decent Black culture has already been co-opted into American mainstream culture and that’s the way it should be. America does not need a separate Black culture.</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">____19 <span style="border-bottom:rgb(0,102,204) 1px dashed;line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_8" class="yshortcuts">Cheikh Anta Diop</span>, in <i style="line-height:1.2em;">The African Origin of Civilization,</i>argued that West</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">Africa (particularly <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_9" class="yshortcuts">Ghana</span>, Mali and Songhay), was the cradle of man’s civilization</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">and the site of the African man’s creation of modern man’s religion and civilization.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 20. <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_10" class="yshortcuts">Structural Functionalism</span> is a theory that explains why Blacks too often distrust</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">each other--the legacy of the slave master makes them do it.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 21. The theory of the Black Matriarch demonstrates that Black Women, after all,</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">are the strongest part of the race.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 22. A race man or woman is one who exemplifies all of the <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_11" class="yshortcuts">negative stereotypes</span></span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">of Black people.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 23. Neo-colonialism was first, and the <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_12" class="yshortcuts">colonization of Africa</span> came next.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 24. The Transatlantic Slave Trade gave birth to the Trans-Saharan Slave Trade.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 25. <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_13" class="yshortcuts">African American history</span> and culture in the USA began in slavery, so essentially, one can argue that Black culture, if it exists, is Slave culture</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 26. Ebonics is the first original <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_14" class="yshortcuts">African American language</span> (with Pig Latin second).</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 27. What makes <span style="border-bottom:rgb(0,102,204) 1px dashed;line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_15" class="yshortcuts">African American art</span> distinctive is its emphasis on and reflection</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">of the Black Experience, symbolism and rhythm</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 28. What all physical Black artists ( i.e., painters, ceramicists, sculpturers, carvers,</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">etc.) have in common is the more or less masterful coordination of color,</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">content and context (perspective) in their work.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 29. What always makes Black Art Black is that the artist himself/herself is Black.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___ 30. The only original American contribution to world music has been Appalachian</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">Hillbilly (Bluegrass) and <span style="border-bottom:rgb(0,102,204) 1px dashed;line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_16" class="yshortcuts">African American music</span>, including jazz, spirituals,</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">shouts, ragtime, blues, R & B, hip-hop/rap, etc.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___31. African American culture, if it exists, is primarily based on emotionalism, reaction and attitude.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___32. <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_17" class="yshortcuts">African American literature</span> is mainly based on the Black Aesthetic, a set of</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">regular themes (such as alienation, identity, generations, adaptability to</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">adverse circumstances, etc.) and a mastering of standard literary forms.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___33. There is little, if any, difference between being a Pan-African and being a Black Nationalist.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___34. Most African Americans acknowledge that they are Americans first, and only</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">reluctantly acknowledge that they are also African American .</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___35. According to most current research, the <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_18" class="yshortcuts">African American family</span> is mainly</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">based on absentee fathers and single mothers and is extremely dysfunctional.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___36. In terms of culture, the only thing that Black people have regularly trusted is</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">rhythm--in talk, in behavior, in dance, in creative activity, etc.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___37. African American culture is just like any other culture, in that it exists to transmit</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">values, a world view, and accepted modes of behavior to participants in that</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">culture.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___38. <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_19" class="yshortcuts">Ethnocentrism</span> is the same as racism, so Blacks can be cultural bigots and racists too.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___39. Cultural Diffusion is the best way to explain how cultural ideas were transmitted from place to place and from people to people.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___40. Emigration and immigration are the same, just different spelling.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___41. The <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_20" class="yshortcuts">dominant culture</span> in the U.S. is not WASP culture; rather it is democracy.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___42. Culture can be defined as a common language, religion, place of origin, shared values, and a sense of group bonding, although that is not the most comprehensive definition</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___43. Each of us is a product of both convergent and divergent evolution, and African</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">Americans are mostly examples of divergent evolution.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___44. What we believe is often more important in how we behave than what is true or factual in cultural terms.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___45. <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_21" class="yshortcuts">Mitochondrial Eve</span> is a multiple origins theory (man originated in several different parts of the planet); Noah’s Ark is a single origins theory (all mankind originated in Africa).</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___46. One strong element of African American culture is its emphasis on certain activities or concepts (e.g., rhythmic skills makes one a poet, not just conquering meter and metaphor), such as content over form, even though form is clearly part of the culture.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___47. Being Afrocentric means being racial exclusivist and a Black racist.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___48. Mixed cultural people generally don’t know who they are—they stay confused--</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">but whatever they are, they are not Black.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___49. Being Black is a quantifiable thing—you can always tell who is and who isn’t.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___50. Kemet is another name for <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_22" class="yshortcuts">ancient Egypt</span>, and Black <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_23" class="yshortcuts">Egypt</span> is very important in defining Black culture.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___51. Most Americans, including most Black Americans, are not Culturally Literate (i.e., culturally competent) concerning Black culture.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___52. The Maafa is the <span style="line-height:1.2em;" id="lw_1267320142_24" class="yshortcuts">Black Mafia</span> and has no particular cultural relevance—just thuggishness.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___53. Black women are the primary bearers of Black culture, so disrespecting and disregarding Black women is an effective way to kill off Black culture.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___54. One cannot really be confident in dealing with everyday challenges unless one is comfortable and accepting of one’s cultural foundations and influences, according to most cultural theorists.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;color:#000000;">___55. It is out of one’s culture that one learns respect and self-respect, so disrespecting one’s culture means dissing and disrespecting oneself, one’s parents, and those who look like oneself.</span></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">ANSWERS: 1-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">2-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">3-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">4-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">5-T 31-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">6-F 32-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">7-T 33-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">8-F 34-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">9-F 35-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">10-F 36-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;text-indent:.5in;margin:0in 0in 0pt .5in;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">11-F 37-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">12-F 38-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">13-F 39-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">14-F 40-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">15-T 41-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">16-F 42-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">17-F 43-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">18-F 44-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">19-F 45-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">20-F 46-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">21-T 47-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">22-F 48-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">23-F 49-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">24-F 50-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">25-F 51-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">26-F 52-F</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">27-T 53-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">28-T 54-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">29-F 55-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">30-T</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">Answering: 47-55 <b style="line-height:1.2em;">Expert in BCL</b></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">35-46 <b style="line-height:1.2em;">Competent in BCL</b></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal">Below 35 <b style="line-height:1.2em;">Your BCL Needs Serious Help</b></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"></div>
<div style="padding-bottom:0px;line-height:1.2em;margin:0in 0in 0pt;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;font-family:serif;font-size:12pt;padding-top:0px;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height:1.2em;"><strong><em>Submitted by Sister Iman</em></strong></span></div></div>
Sixth Region Diaspora Caucus/Pan African Diaspora Union Statement on Haiti (Ayiti)
https://www.theblacklist.net/profiles/blogs/sixth-region-diaspora
2010-02-17T17:16:06.000Z
2010-02-17T17:16:06.000Z
TheBlackList
https://www.theblacklist.net/members/TheBlackList
<div><i>SRDC/PADU Statement on Haiti from Prof. David Horne via Sis. Iman Hameen. Asante.<br />
(Prof. Horne is the International Facilitator of Sixth Region Diaspora Caucus and Pan African Diaspora Union.)<br /></i>
<br /><br /><b>
SRDC/PADU ON HAITI (Ayiti)</b><br /><br />
In January, 2010, a devastating series of earthquakes hit the nation of Haiti and left a stunning aftermath of death, infrastructural collapse, broken families and other harsh consequences.<br /><br />
We have watched and listened to much of the world's rescue and relief efforts, and individually contributed food, clothing, money and prayer. However, two lessons are clear for us in this particular tragedy, notwithstanding the historical precedents that led to Haiti's vulnerability in the first place and the arguments about possible Haarp involvement:<br />
(1) We in the Diaspora were once again surprised with a calamity involving Black folk that we were ill-prepared to respond to in a substantial way, and<br />
(2) Our most significant assistance to Haiti at this point would be in implementing a tangible building or environmental sustainability project, rather than to exhaust ourselves trying to untangle the complex web of which organizations to trust to get real aid into the hands of the Haitians who most need it.<br /><br />
Wanting to help our Diasporan brethren is one thing, and doing something about being ready to help is another. Certainly, organizations like Ron Daniel's IBW, Wyclef Jean's Yele, and several others have worked hard to provide assistance through the Haitian networks they had prior to the earthquakes.<br /><br />
There have been many other individual efforts and smaller organizational forays through the Dominican Republic and directly into the Haitian countryside, avoiding the mess at the Port-au-Prince airport completely.<br /><br />
Those efforts must be applauded. But overall, our Diasporan response has been spotty, sporadic, piece-meal and token. The lasting images are again of Anglos saving Haitians and Black folks on the sidelines crying and watching in futility and anguish.<br /><br />
The way to substantially change this picture is for Diasporan organizations to partner with each other based on a broad agreement of principles and mutual respect.<br /><br />
That way, we bring a wealth of expertise, resources, networks and abilities together that can be focused on a dilemma like Haiti's earthquakes without competing against each other, without unnecessarily reinventing and duplicating capacities that are already there, and we can maximize our ability to actually get help and assistance to the people who need it when they must have it.<br /><br />
The SRDC/PADU, which already includes partnerships with the UNIA-ACL, CABO and other Pan African organizations (75 and counting), hereby declares that it will work tirelessly to bring about this kind of operational unity so that we can more clearly demonstrate to the world that Black folk can help take care of Black folk with, or without, the help of others.<br /><br />
During the Decade of the Diaspora we must demonstrate much more Pan African agency and initiative to determine our own destinies. We are not mere victims or participants in history, we are innovators, thinkers and decision-makers in our own story.<br /><br />
In conjunction with Pan African folk already on the ground in Haiti through effective networks, the SRDC/PADU will make a fact-finding visit to Haiti between May-July to assess where we can focus our efforts to make the most significant difference in helping to re-build Haiti.<br /><br />
We hereby declare our intention to get involved beyond the relief and rescue phase, and we invite other serious Pan Africans to join with us.<br /><br />
We cannot and will not abandon Haiti, and we can and must provide sustained assistance to that Black nation.<br /><br />
For further information and discussion, write to <a href="organizingsrdc@aol.com">organizingsrdc@aol.com</a><br /><br />
Forward Ever, Backwards Never<br />
The SRDC/PADU Secretariat</div>
ANNOUNCING THE DECADE OF THE DIASPORA
https://www.theblacklist.net/profiles/blogs/announcing-the-decade-of-the
2010-01-04T05:43:10.000Z
2010-01-04T05:43:10.000Z
TheBlackList
https://www.theblacklist.net/members/TheBlackList
<div>Submitted by Sis. Iman Uqdah Hameen SRDC
By Prof. David Horne, Ph.D Sixth Region Diaspora Caucus (SRDC)
After thousands of conferences, Ndabas, roundtable discussions, forums and meetings talking about the need to unify for positive action, action is now upon us. From January, 2010 to December, 2010, the DECADE OF THE DIASPORA has now been formally announced in OUR WEEKLY in California by the Sixth Region Diasporan Caucus/PADU. The unity and partnership of African descendant folks now has a specific time frame in which to focus the highest levels of its creativity, innovation, hard work and goal-directed energy to accomplish the United States of Africa, aka, Union of African States, in an all-out progressive assault. Failure is not and will not be an option. Why that raison d’etre ?
African descendants have flailed away in individual pursuits towards the restoration of dignity, esteem and respect in over 70 countries for a long time. Although there have been notable successes--- the election of President Barack Obama, for example, or the release of Nelson Mandela, the ascendance of Barbados, and the creation of the Central American Black Organization, the continuing attempt to organize the European Diaspora under a common set of principles, among others---Black folks in general are still at the bottom of most measures of power, leverage and significance in the world. As Marcus Garvey and many others have said, until Africa is unified as a force to be reckoned with, Black folks wherever they are will remain disregarded and dispossessed. In order to be truly free, Africa must be operationally united. In order for Africans living in other parts of the world to be truly respected in affiliation with Africa’s transformation, the Diaspora must substantially help push this tremendous rock back up the hill. The Diaspora cannot share in the harvest without fully participating in the tillage and labor.
The DECADE OF THE DIASPORA is the time period in which African folk here, there and across the globe will rise to the challenge of bringing themselves back from obscurity, and within which the Diaspora will demonstrate clearly that it is indeed the 6th Region of Africa and the missing piece of the necessary puzzle to bring all the king’s horses and all the king’s men and women back together again.
During this period, the Diaspora will substantially unify itself internally, so that it can more effectively help continental Africa unify itself totally. That work has already begun in earnest and has begun to bear fruit. PADU, the Pan African Diaspora Union, is a partnership between the SRDC (Sixth Region Diasporan Caucus), WADU (World African Diaspora Union, through an MOU), the UNIA-ACL (Universal Negro Improvement Association- African Communities League), CABO (Central American Black Organization) , African Diaspora Union-Europe, and other such groups, and the list is growing. This coalition of equals brings together a formidable reference point for other Diasporan groups to come together, work together, and actually get significant things done. Wherever Black folks live, love, lay and lose, there are efforts, projects, ideas and events they can participate in, lead, coordinate, announce, and provide credibility to and for that will help achieve the goal of African unification. No one person or group can, will, nor should do it all. This is a collective effort of cumulative microsuccesses. Together it will all work to bring all Africa and Africans together.
The DECADE OF THE DIASPORA is for a better world, an improved set of opportunities to get it right. During this time, African descendant children should be re-acquainted with books, good reading and writing skills and other academic prowess. Barbados and others have already shown how to do that, and there are sporadic reference models of getting it right in other topical areas scattered all over the Diaspora. Those in the Diaspora with insight, vision and heart must bring those models into public view. Speeches, sermons, student activism, community organizing and other dynamism must be focused on work for a purpose—an African purpose-- not just putting in the time to help it pass. Reparations activists must understand that their work is intimately tied to the fate of 21st century Pan Africanism. There will be no reparations victory without African leverage calculated in the equation.
Part of the philosophy and long-time definition of Pan Africanism is that African people deserve to be free, successful and self-determinative. African people are worthy. The DECADE OF THE DIASPORA is to demonstrate that worthiness in more than 360 degrees of achievements. The DECADE OF THE DIASPORA will give the African Experience, in all of its different versions and dimensions, a complete face-lift, make-over and paradigm shift. It will solidify UBUNTU, the foundation African belief in enhancing and preserving humanity as the principal objective in any relationship or engagement, as a healing and merging agent for the world.
Actually, the sole remaining question is what will you do to participate positively in the DECADE OF THE DIASPORA? And, when will you get started? It is not coming, it is here.</div>
Black Women and the Radical Tradition 2009
https://www.theblacklist.net/profiles/blogs/black-women-and-the-radical
2009-02-11T15:27:39.000Z
2009-02-11T15:27:39.000Z
SendMeYourNews
https://www.theblacklist.net/members/SendMeYourNews
<div>A National Conference presented by Brooklyn College Graduate Center for Worker Education
<b>Saturday March 28, 2009
ALL DAY (come early- seats are limited!)
City University of New York
365 Fifth Avenue
(at 34th Street)
New York City</b>
<a href="http://www.blackwomen2009.org">http://www.blackwomen2009.org</a>
On March 28, 2009 the Graduate Center for Worker Education at Brooklyn College will welcome some of the leading activists and scholars to take part in a national conference that will discuss the historical and current accomplishment of black women in the United States.
Black women have been leading the struggle for social transformation dating from the American Revolution to the present struggle for the presidency of the United States. This conference will examine the multifaceted leadership contributions of Black women as presented by leading scholars and social activists.
The Conference will include a tribute to Charlene Mitchell, the first African-American women to run for president of the United States in 1968.
FEATURING
<b>* Angela Davis
* Manning Marable
* Genna Rae McNeil
* Leith Mullings
* Erik McDuffie
* Bill Fletcher, Jr.
* Gerald Horne
* Frances Fox Piven
* Mary Louise Patterson
* Carole Boyce Davies
* Kimberly Springer
</b>
Keynote Speakers:
* Angela Davis, currently serves as a graduate studies Professor of History of Consciousness at the University of California and Presidential Chair at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She works for racial and gender equality, and for gay rights and prison abolition. She is a popular public speaker, nationally and internationally, as well as a founder of the grassroots prison-industrial complex-abolition organization Critical Resistance. Ms. Davis is known for her notable contributions to the Civil Rights Movement, and is currently a member of the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism.
* Genna-Rae McNeil, is a distinguished professor of history at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. She is the author of Groundwork: Charles Hamilton Houston and the Struggle for Civil Rights, Historical Judgments Reconsidered, (co-edited by Michael R. Winston), African Americans and the Living Constitution, (co-edited with John Hope Franklin), and African-Americans and Jews in the Twentieth Century: Studies in Convergence and Conflict, (co-edited with V.P. Franklin and Nancy Grant). Dr. McNeil is a specialist in African-American History and U.S. social movements of the 20th century. She is currently researching a project on Joan Little and "The 'Free Joan Little' Movement."
* Manning Marable, is one of America's most influential and widely read scholars. Since 1993, Dr. Marable has been Professor of Public Affairs, Political Science, History and African-American Studies at Columbia University in New York City. For ten years, Dr. Marable was founding director of the Institute for Research in African-American Studies at Columbia University, from 1993 to 2003. Under Dr. Marable's leadership, the Institute became one of the nation's most prestigious centers of scholarship on the black American experience.
* Bill Fletcher, Jr., is a public intellectual, regularly featured on television and radio.. Starting in the labor movement as a rank and file member of the Industrial Union of Marine and Shipbuilding Workers of America, he eventually became the highest ranking African American in the AFL-CIO. He served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of TransAfrica Forum, a national non-profit organization organizing, educating and advocating for policies in favor of the peoples of Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America. After serving that role for four years, he was appointed Belle Zeller Distinguished Visiting Professor at Brooklyn College from 2005 to 2007. Fletcher was formerly the Vice President for International Trade Union Development Programs for the George Meany Center of the AFL-CIO. Combining labor and community work, he struggled to desegregate the Boston building trades. A graduate of Harvard University, Fletcher is a prolific author of dozens of articles. He co-authored The Indispensable Ally: Black Workers and the Formation of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, 1934-1941.
* Gerald C. Horne, is a Professor of Communications and African-American Studies at the University of Houston and the author of over twenty books. His recent publications include Fire This Time: The Watts Uprising and the 1960s Race Woman: The Lives of Shirley Graham DuBois, Class Struggle in Hollywood: Moguls, Mobsters, Stars, Reds and Trade Unionists, 1930-1950, and From the Barrel of a Gun: The U.S. and the War Against Zimbabwe, 1965-1980. Fire This Time was a finalist for the American Sociological Association's Robert Park Award in 1996. His present research projects include: Black Labor at Sea: Ferdinand Smith, from the National Maritime Union to the Communist Party to Jamaica; Race War! White Supremacy Vs. Blacks and Asians in the Japanese Attack on Hong Kong and the British Empire, 1930-1950, Black and Brown: African-Americans and The Mexican Revolution, 1910-20. Professor Horne earned his M.A. and PhD from Columbia University
* Leith Mullings, is a Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at the City University of New York Graduate Center . She received her Ph.D. in Anthropology from the University of Chicago. Professor Mullings' research and writing has focused on structures of inequality and resistance to them. Her research began in Africa and she has written about traditional medicine and religion in postcolonial Ghana, as well as about women's roles in Africa. In the U.S. her work has centered on urban communities. Through the lens of feminist and critical race theory, she has analyzed a variety of topics including kinship, representation, gentrification, health disparities and social movements.
* Erik McDuffie, is an Assistant Professor in African American Studies and in the Gender and Women's Studies Program at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. Professor McDuffie's research and teaching interests include African American women's activism, black feminism, black radicalism and internationalism, and the making of the African Diaspora. His current book project re-evaluates the histories of the Black Freedom Movement, American radicalism, and U.S. Women's Movement by arguing that the Communist Party, USA (CPUSA) helped nurture a radical black feminism and provided a small group of black women radicals with unique opportunities to lead social movements with links to the global stage. His most recent publication appears in Michael Gomez's edited collection Diasporic Africa: A Reader (NYU Press, 2006).
* Eileen Boris, is Hull Professor and Chair of Women's Studies and affiliate professor of history, black studies, and law and society at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She is copresident of the Coordinating Council for Women in History (CCWH) and president of the board of trustees of The Journal of Women's History; she was co chair of the program committee for the 2005 Thirteenth Berkshire Conference on the History of Women. She is author of Art and Labor: Ruskin, Morris, and the Craftsman Ideal in America (1986) and Home to Work: Motherhood and the Politics of Industrial Homework in the United States (1994), which won the Philip Taft Prize in Labor History. She is also coeditor of Major Problems in the History of American Workers (2002) and The Practice of U.S. Women's History: Narratives, Intersections, and Dialogues (2007).
* Kimberly Springer, is a senior lecturer at Kings College, London. Her current research uses television historiography to examine the role of television producer Norman Lear's 1970s sitcoms in transmitting the ideals of the era's social movements. Her most recent publication, "Queering Black Female Heterosexuality," Yes Means Yes, advocates for both an interrogation of historical stereotypes about black women's sexuality while highlighting those instances of unabashed sexual subjectivity. She has published single-authored and edited volumes on black women's activism including Living for the Revolution: Black Feminist Organizations, 1968-1980 (Duke University Press, 2005) and Still Lifting, Still Climbing: Contemporary African American Women's Activism, editor (New York University Press, 1999). Her co-edited volume Stories of O: the Oprahification of American Culture(University of Mississippi Press, forthcoming) critiques "the Oprah Culture Industry," which is the hegemonic apparatus evolving from the cultural output of media mogul Oprah Winfrey.
* Frances Fox Piven, is Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the City University of New York Graduate Center, she has taught at Boston University, Columbia University, New York University Law School, the Institute of Advanced Studies in Vienna, the University of Amsterdam, and the University of Bologna. She is past Vice-President of the American Political Science Association, has served as program co-chair of the annual political science meetings, and is a past president of the Society for the Study of Social Problems. She is currently President of the American Sociological Association. She is the recipient of numerous awards, including the President's Award of the American Public Health Association, and the American Sociological Association's Career Award for the Practice of Sociology, as well as their award for the Public Understanding of Sociology. Her books deal with the development of the welfare state, political movements, urban political, and electoral politics. Among them are Regulating the Poor, Poor People's Movements(1977); The New Class War (1982); Why Americans Don't Vote (1988); The Mean Season(1987); Labor Parties in Postindustrial Societies (1992); The Breaking of the American Social Compact (1997); Why Americans Still Don't Vote (2000); The War at Home (2004); Challenging Authority: How Ordinary People Change America (2006).
* Carole Boyce Davis, is Professor of Africana Studies at Cornell University. She is the author of Black Women, Writing and Identity: Migrations of the Subject (1994) and Left of Karl Marx. Claudia Jones, Black/Communist/Woman (2007). In addition to numerous scholarly articles, Boyce-Davies has also published the following critical anthologies: Ngambika: Studies of Women in African Literature (1986); Out of the Kumbla. Caribbean Women and Literature (1990); and a two-volume collection of critical and creative writing entitled Moving Beyond Boundaries (1995): International Dimensions of Black Women's Writing (volume 1), and Black Women's Diasporas (volume 2). She is co-editor with Ali Mazrui and Isidore Okpewho of The African Diaspora: African Origins and New World Identities (Indiana University Press, 1999) and Decolonizing the Academy. Currently, Dr. Boyce Davies is writing a series of personal reflections called Caribbean Spaces. Between the Twilight Zone and the Underground Railroad, dealing with the issue of transnational Caribbean/American black identity, and is preparing an edition of the writings of Claudia Jones entitled Beyond Containment: Claudia Jones, Activism, Clarity and Vision.
* Premilla Nadasen, is an associate professor of history at Queens College (CUNY). Her book, Welfare Warriors: The Welfare Rights Movement in the United States (Routledge 2005) won the Franklin Prize from the American Studies Association and outlines the ways in which African American women on welfare forged a feminism of their own out of the political and cultural circumstances of the late 1960s and 1970s. A longtime community activist and scholar, she has written for Feminist Studies, Ms. Magazine, Working USA, Black Women, Gender and Families, and the Progressive Media Project, and has given numerous public talks about African-American women's history and social policy. Her article, "Expanding the Boundaries of the Women's Movement: Black Feminism and the Struggle for Welfare Rights," (Feminist Studies) won the 2002 Berkshire Conference Article Prize. She is currently working on a book-length project on the history of domestic worker organizing in the United States.
* Ruth Feldstein is an Associate Professor of American Studies, Department of History at Rutgers University. She is the author of Motherhood in Black and White: Race and Sex in American Liberalism, 1930-1965 (2000), and has written articles and reviews for the Journal of American History, the Journal of Cold War Studies, Reviews in American History, Not June Cleaver: Women and Gender in Postwar America, and Race, Nation, and Empire in American History. Her article, "`I Don't Trust You Anymore': Nina Simone, African American Activism, and Culture in the 1960s," was awarded the Letitia Woods Brown Memorial Prize, Association of Black Women Historians, for Best Article on Black Women's History. Her current research focuses on internationally famous black women entertainers who participated in the American civil rights movement. Her book-in-progress, Do What You Gotta Do: Black Women Entertainers and the Civil Rights Movement explores links between feminism, a global mass culture, black activism, and anti-colonial internationalism.
* Bettina Aptheker, is Professor of Feminist Studies and History at the University of California at Santa Cruz where her "Introduction to Feminisms" course, which emphasizes the multiplicity of feminism and women's experiences, is one of the most popular on campus. She is the author of several books including Intimate Politics: Autobiography As Witness; The Morning Breaks: The Trial of Angela Davis; and If They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance (co-authored with Angela Davis) and Woman's Legacy: Essays on Race, Sex, and Class in American History.
* Barbara Winslow is a historian who teaches in the School of Education and for the Women's Studies Program. Her areas of specialization are in social studies curriculum development, integrating computer based multi-media technology into the urban classroom at both the elementary and secondary school level. She also specializes in integrating class, race and gender into the elementary and secondary curriculum. Her research focuses on the intersection of gender, class, race and sexuality on women in social protest movements. Her first book, Sylvia Pankhurst: Sexual Politics and Political Activism, (1996) tells the story of an important suffragette, peace campaigner, anti- colonialist, anti-fascist, international socialist and feminist. She is presently writing a history of the women's liberation movement in Seattle Washington . Winslow is also researching how class, race and gender affect pedagogy, in particular with regard to technology. She is the founder and project Director of the Shirley Chisholm Project of Brooklyn Women's Activism 1945 to the Present.
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Registration Fees
Early Registration $50.00 (until March 1, 2009)
Students $40.00
$75.00 (After March 2, 2009)
$100.00 at the Door
To register simply fill out the form: <a href="http://www.blackwomen2009.org/registration.html">www.blackwomen2009.org/registration.html</a>
Within 24 hours you will receive a conformation number that MUST be submitted with your payment.
Payment must be in the form of a check or money order made payable to Brooklyn College and mailed to:
Brooklyn College
Graduate Center for Worker Education
ATTN: Black Women 2009
25 Broadway, 7th Floor
New York, NY 10004
----------------------------------------------
Contact Information
Brooklyn Graduate Center for Worker Education
25 Broadway, 7th Floor
New York, NY 10004
212.966.4014
Email: <a href="info@blackwomen2009.org">info@blackwomen2009.org</a>
<a href="http://workereducation.org">workereducation.org</a>
Professor Joseph Wilson Program Director
Annie Jagoo Executive Assistant
Stacy Warner Maddern, Coordinator Research & Development</div>